Heater.



F- D. SCHNEIDER.

HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT- 9. 1915.

Patented July 3, 1917;

2 SHEETS -SHEET FREDERICK nsCHriEIDER, or CLEVELAND, OHIO, on NEWBRUNSWICK,

' SCHNEIDER COMPANY,

assre von r 'rnE LONG-LANDRETH- NEW JERSEY, A conronerron. I k I HEATER.

Continuation of application Serial No. 876,272,

Specification of Letters Patent.

1915. Serial No. 49,762. g

' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK D. SCHNEI- one, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Cleveland, in the city of Lakewood, county ofCuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented a new and',useful Improve-'ment in Heaters, of which the following is a specification, being hereinexplained, and the best mode in an inordinate supply the principle ofthe invention which I have contemplated applying that principle, so asto-distinguish'it from other inventions.

This invention has general reference .to heater constructions and moreparticularly to two distinct features incident to its structuralarrangement Heretofore two types of heater have been employed for thepurpose of heating the water supply required for domestic usage. Oneconsisted of a heater of small capacity which heated the water containedwithin a comparatively large storage tank. While this type gave serviceit'was wasteful and extravagant due to radiation lost in keeping a largetank hot.- The other utilized a heating conduit of capacity meant to belarge enough faucet under normal pressure, and the burners of which wereautomatically lighted from a pilot flame when the gas valve was opened ythe water pressure. At times this type was too large and frequently'toosmall when was required. Conditions under one extreme made it wastefuland under the other extreme temporarily insutlicient- As such my heat-ercombines both an automatic and an instantaneous operation with a storagesupply. Specifically it involves a thermostatically operated automaticand instantaneous controlof the inlet valve of a gas burner.

The construction makes a unit of a storage heater: or of an automaticinstantaneous but not necessarily heater together with a storage tank.over, the invention as applied to such a unit and employing a reversedcirculation water conduit of substantially the arrangement the'configuration shown counteracts the wasteful tendency of the water tocontinue to circulate upwardly just after the burner is out, by droppinginto the hottest conduit portions and then rising thcrcthrough. Myheater construction effects a sort of trap whereby the the lower hotwater coils and consed steam and and mode of operation.-

temperature, whereby water may because. the

t1 to sufiiciently heat the fiow from a new type of water Moreter todrop in both sections of the conduit brings about a counteraction andcauses a cessation in circulation. The arrangement of the cold water orinlet coils above furthermore wholly avoids condensation upon uently thedestructive action of sulfuricacid into Patented July 3, 1917-.

filed December 9, 1914. This application filed September 9,

tendency of wawhich such condensation is converted, while practicallvall of the condensation on the upper cold water section is convertedinto v the. remainder is shed by suitable baffles. 1

. One obj ect' for domestic purposes which will constantly maintain agiven amount of water at a fixed be drawn at such temperature:

(a) Sooner, owing duit need not be first awaited.

(b) In larger quantity, that is, in excess ofthe quantity it is capableof heating instantaneously.

In short, the service of a storage heater and-the economy of aninstantaneous heater is had. Heretofore it has not .been possible toeifect this triad of results with a single much of the water conduit aswas disposed within the casing (that is, the rapidity with which itcould satisfactorily heat a standard flow) were insufli'cient relativeto the capacity of the storage supply, and because the burner did notautomatically render adhas been' to contrive a heater to the larger flowand f v emptying of the'heating con- (c) For a proportionatelylongperiod of heater because the heating capabilities of so ditional heatwhen some of the storage supply was replaced by cold .water.

An instantaneous automatic water heater constructed and arranged afterthe manner of my conception will heat the water as it is used, but isnot limited in not cut the water pressure at any faucet since itfunctionates pressure being entirely without a water valve and since itusually does not require a regulating cock; will be controlled solelycapacity will independently of water by the temperature of the water andthere-' thereof; will give fore not by the pressure number of faucetsstandard service at any at one time. My heater is not a storage systemwith a needlessly large storage which c struction, combination and arranement of parts as hereinafter more speci cally de-- is .of heat, rathera combinationof an automatic instantaneous heater to satisfy normaldemand with a small storage to meet unusual or abnormal demands andasensitive snap thermostat to control the fuel and temperature whenassociated with an exterior pipe connection. By normal demandis meantthe quantity of water that I canbe instantaneously and continuouslyraised the standard of 63 in temperature.

By abnormal demand is meant a varying quantity of heated water.occas1onally re- "quired for immediate, delivery in excess of thenormal demand. Normal demand can be constantly's'upplied. Abnormaldemand can be intermittently supplied.

A perfect fuel gas analysis in a. heater would show no trace of eitheroxygen or carbon monoxid. This theoretical ideal has however beenunattainable. To avoid any trace of carbon monoxid would imply a perfeetprimary mixing of air and gas which is,. however, impossible inpractice. Therefore, complete combustion must be obtained by supplyingextra or secondary air at the mouth of the'burner. The control of suchdrip pan may be dispensed with and the to so apportion and direct itthat a minimum quantity is permitted to enter the heater at definitelylocated points and still maintain 'a complete combustion. Owing to thetotal absence of any condensation in my heater a supply of secondary airproperly conducted from "below.

With the foregoing and other objects in view. the invention consists ofthe novel conscribed and illustrated in the accompanying 1 drawings,wherein is shown an'embodiment' of the invention, but, it is to beunderstood that changes, variation and .modifications' can be resortedto which come within the scope of the claimshereunto appended.

7 applications.

Thisapplication isa'continuation of yfl '55 .earliercopending caseSerial Number 87 6,272, as to all matter common tothetwo Figure' l isasideelevation of anem aplifying heater construction embodying myinvention.

. Fig. II is an endview of I showing certain parts broken away.

Fig. IIIis a view corresponding to. I'wi'th the front of the casingremoved in section to disclose the interior.

'maxium dimensions.

aasaesa Fig. IV is a section of line IV-IV of Fig. HI looking to theleft as directed by the arrows.

Fig. V is a section on line VV of Fig. I looking downwardly and showingthe burner partially broken away.

A casing designated entire with thereference character A comprisessuitable legs awhich support a bottom having definitely sized andlocated openings a Such bottom supports near one end one or more burnerseats a one of which is well shown in Fig. III. The relative dimensionand arrangement of the secondary air openings at is particularly shownin Fig; V. It will be noticed that each is directly beneath a givenburner head so that the rising air is caused to swirl around the sameand actually mix rather than pass directly between two adjacent burnerheads toconstitute a cooling air current above. In this manner a verylar e per cent. of the secondary air is eflicient y utilized. The frontwall a of the casing is provided in its lower part with a door a whereasthe rear wall a of the casing is provided with an opening near its topwhich is in connection with a stack a. It

will be noti ed that the casing involves a v double set of walls theinner one of which,

may be cast iron and the outer any suitable insulating material. namely,the one at the left as appears in Fig. III is provided near its bottomwith a number of openings (2, in this instance four, to correspond withthe number of burners'employed in this particular exemplification.The-openings a are disposed substantially on a level with the tops ofthe 7 burner supports a Some distance higher I a:

additional openings a which-reference j character should be assumed asapplied to up theend a of the casing is provided with One of theends,

an opening in both walls as a unit. jActually there are six of theseopenings and their purpose will hereinafter appear, The upper extremityof the end a is fashioned with an approximately semicircular recess a ofI The opposite end a of the casing is provided midway with a largeopening a nearly corresponding in height with the height of'the d sthough, I

positioned somewhat higherv up. This opening a should similarly beunderstood to i extend through both,walls of the-end a of the casing, asis'again apparent in Fig. III. I

The upper extremity ofthe end a is provided with arecess a; similar tothe recess a A door. or perhaps more properly a.

removable panel a is adapted to closethe' opening a when affixed as-hy'screws a.

The upper and lower edges of the panel. a

are provided with six equally spaced I grooves, those above beingdesignated as a" and the lower ones as a. Each superposed Pair ofgrooves a" and a is disposed in than 6 with a pipe I) -inlet neeaeee thesame endwise plane as one of the openngs al These grooves are best seen1n Fig. 11, such parts as are broken away having been so shown for thevery purpose of disclosing them.

Seated and suitably packed Within the re cesses a and a. so as toeffectually close with a manifold b opening the upper end of the casingA and be in turn partially enveloped thereby is an elongated storagetank B of smaller capacity has heretofore been generally employed. Oneend of the tank, namely the left end, is provided with a conduit inlet6'. ,-Above, a pipe 12 will be presumed as leading to the faucet. Theoutlet 1) communicates by means of sensitive embodying the September 1f,

tube of a snapcontrol thermostat invention'of H. J. Long, filed 1914,Serial No. 861,511.

While this manifold has six outlet openings corresponding with andspaced as the grooves 01." connections withonly one will be described.Connected with the outlet of the manifold b is the male part b' of thecommon type of union. The female part b I p of this union is supportedupon the upper I i I) through which the water travels down- I wardly,

tending portion which a drain cock b is connected. This through thegrooveafter the travel of the water is upwardly sitioned portion of thewater cock projects outwardly extremity 6" passes through the andcarries the female part-'b f and next a directly downwardly ex- 1)leading'into. a T b to a as isshown in.Fig'S II' and 111. Therethrou hstraight alternately inclined sectionsv and return-bends b opening a ofanother union. The male part b of such union is I likewise connectedwith one of the inlets of a' manifold 6 which is inturn connected atcommunicating with the I a A series of bafile sheets constitute animportant though. not indispensable feature even of'this exemplificationof my invention. As here utilized they coact not only to compe'l a longzigza travel of the gases of combustion ending y passage along theentire extent of the bottom of the storage tank to keep it heated, butalso to shed such small a flange connection 12* provided below with anbintended for the insertion of the a facility v conduit. This The outletoperation of a. thermostat condensation as occasionally collects on theupper cold water portion of the conduit.

These baffles may be seen in Figs. III and IV to extend from oppositeends of theheater casing and to be alternately inclined upwardly inopposite directions. The uppermostof such baffies b is carried solely ythe casing just below the stack opening a so as to "be spaced a givendistance from l the other end. This particular bafi'le therefore compelsthe gaseous elements to pass the bottom of the tank B. The other along-five allies-are all designated as b and rest upon differentinterjacentsections of the conduit, preferably as appears in thedrawing.

It should now be manifest that owing in part to the configuration of somuch of the water conduit as is disposed within the con fines of thecaslng, and in part to the provision of the removable panel a any one ofthe interior conduit units may be with- 1 drawn through the opening anection from the manifolds b and 6 section of the conduit which hasdeveloped a flaw or for any other reason, furthermore be accomplishedindependently or without disturbing in any wise the connection of anyother conduit section.

A plurality. and in this n instance four burners C, .have inlet ends 0'extending through the tremities suitably mounted upon the supports a Theburners C each carry a plurality of enlarged, laterally projecting andremovable stools o Secured to the inlet ends a outwardly of the end a ofthe easing, is a mixing valve 0 connected by av pipe length 0 with a gasmanifold 0 leading,

through the'agency' of a bent pipe connection a, to a valve '0 inconnection with the source of fd 1 supply. The operation of the 'ofthermostat 0 earller referred to and adapted-- by means of a flexibleconnection o to ac In this manner a which comprises a sensitive tube 0tuate the valve'stem "a". heater construction is provided whichis'instantaneous and automatic in its action and such automatic actionis dependent upon the through the agency of water pressure. Thisisbelieved to be new stantaneous water heater, the new result attainedbeing, an arrangement whereby a. thermostat is enabled to turn 'on thegas as soon as'water is drawn from the storage after discon- Thus isoccasioned of removlng any 9o and this may as. applied to an. in-'openings a and opposite exvalve a is controlled by means of the type 1wrather than tank and which tank is ofsufiiciently small capacity ascompared with the heating capacity of the interior water conduit andburners in a storage supply of water is constantly maintained at .apredetermined temperature with a minimum of waste by radiation ofv heattherefrom.

12h g I their relation to each other, that the-circulation of water, acasing, a conduit inlet and of the second mentioned passage,

Iclaimif v I 1. In apparatus for heating and'causing system thereinwhich includes; a passage having a downward direction from its inlet toits discharge end, a second passage located below the first and havingan upward direction from its inlet to itsdischarge end, a ductconnecting the lower discharge end of the first mentioned passage withthe lower and a storage tank connected with the upper inlet of saidfirst mentioned passage and with the upper outlet of said secondmentioned passage; a burner below said passages, a fuel valve forcontrolling the'supply to said burner, and a thermostat operativelyconnected with said conduit and with said fuel valve, and adapted tocontrol the latter in response to variations of temperature in theformer, the arrangement being such that the coldest Water is trapped inthe lower-. most part of said conduit upon each automatic cessation0f-heat from the burner.

2. An automatic instantaneous heater construction comprising a casing,-

I automatically operating means comprising" heating means incommunication therewith,

a water conduit above said'heating means,

a hot water storage tank carried directly by said casing and inconnection with opposite ends of said conduit, said tank being adaptedto absorb heat from said casing, and

, a thermostat set in one of said connections for controlling saidheating means, the full .capacity of said tank being comparatively smallwith reference to theheating capacity of the conduit whereby apredetermined,

temperature of the entire supply of water in said tank may beeconomically maintained and a given measure of hot water may beimmediately drawn from said .tank without lighting said heating means. I

3. A combination automatic storage and instantaneous comprising a gasburner below, a valve for said burner, a conduit abovesaid burneradaptedto conduct'a changing supply of water to be instantaneouslyheated to such degree and in such quantity as to satisfy normal demand,a hot waterstorage tank disposed above for fulfilling limited normal aswell as abnormal demand, said tank beingconnected with said conduit andwith a service faucet, a casing enveloping both conduit and tank wherebyto reduce the radiation of heat from the latter, and a ther- I mostatfor operating said valve to one or the other of its extreme positionsand adjusted and arranged to functionate automatically only after apredetermined minimum drop in temperature whereby a given amount ofwater may be drawn from the tank without flashing on said burner.

4:. In an apparatus for heating and causwater' water heater construction,ing the circulation of water, a closed endless conduit system whichincludes a zig-zag I passage comprising elongated 'interjacent Iportions and having a continuously downward direction from its inlet toits discharge end, a second zig-zag passage comprising elongatedinterjacent portions located below the first and having a continuouslyupward direction from its inlet toward its outlet end, and a duct whichconnects the lower discharge end of the first mentioned passage and thelower intake end of the second mentioned passage, a gas burner locatedbelowsaid passages, a comparatively small elon-.

gated tank located above and connected with both of said passages, anelongatedinclosing casing which embraces said passages tank and burner,anda thermostat controlled by the temperature of the water above both ofsaid passages and operatively connected with said burner whereby apredetermined storage supply is maintained at a. constant temperatureboth because such supply is at automatically regulated intervals in thepath of the heat units and because in circulation with said heatedpassages.

5. A combination instantaneous'and storage water heater constructioncomprising a casing, burner, a valve controlling the supply of fuel tosaid burner, a water conduit disposed within said casing and above'saidburner and pilot for-continuously furnish ing normal demand, a hot waterstorage tank carrledabove so as to intersect the path of. travel of theheatunits' and connected with the inlet and outlet of said conduit and vwith a service faucet, said tank being of small capacity relative to theheating capabilities ofsaid conduit for instantaneously furnishing a Ipredetermined minimum as well as abnormal demand; and a thermostatoperatively connected with the circulating system and actuated by theresultant change in temperature of the water therein either by radiationof a predetermined amount of heat or drawing of a predetermined amountof water therefrom, for operating said valve' to one or .the other ofits extreme positions.

6. gravity circulation .water heater compr1s1ng a casing, a waterconduit theresaid burner, the value of the ratiobetween the amount offlow gallons that can be so 115" a in for delivering a given flow, aburner be- I of the flow through said conduit whereby to continuouslyfulfil normal demand, a stor* age tank located above and connected withsaid conduit, said tank being mal demand, the ratio between the numberof gallons representing the capacity of said tank and the number ofthermal units absorbed by the water in the conduit to furnish normaldemand .being definitely'estab-.

lished, a valve for said burner, and a thermostatic device forautomatically operating said valve in response to a change ofpredetermined range in the temperature of the water supply, whereby tosimultaneously satisfy a limited abnormal demand from said storagesupply.

8. An automatic instantaneous and storage water heater unit of not lessthan three gallon normal (instantan eously heated) capacity, comprislng'a casing, a. gravity circulation water conduit therein.

having a capacity to deliver a given minimum flow, a gas burner below todeliver heat units capable of raising by a standard number of degreesthe initial temperature of the flow through said conduit withconsideration of its size, whereby to meet normal demand, a storage tankcarried directly by said casing connected with said conduit, said tankbeing of relatively small capacity and purposed for supplying abnormaldemand; with a range of variation in the of relatively- .small capacitysolely for supplying abnorftionedtube, and a storage tank ratio betweenthe number of gallons representlng the capacity of said tank and thenumber of gallons emerging from said conduit per minute for furnishingnormal demand being established between definite limits, a valve forsaid burner, and a snapactin thermostatic device operativel cons nectenear the bottom of said tank fbr automatically actuating said valve inresponse to a predetermined change of temperature of the storage supplywhereby the temperature of the water in bothtank and conduit isdetermined by the automatic control of. said burner solely by saidthermostat.

9. In apparatus for heating and causing the circulation of water, acasing, a conduit system therein which includes; a zigzag tube having adownward direction from its inlet to its discharge end, a second zigzagtube located below the first and having an upward direction from itsinlet to its discharge end, a duct connecting the lower discharge end ofthe first mentioned tube with the lower inlet end of thesecondmenextendin over the said zig-zag tubes and connecte with theupper outlet of said second mentioned tube; baflles alternatelyprojected fromopposite ends and forming a zig-za flue passage, a burnerbelow said tubes an in communication with said'flue passage, a

,fuelvalve for controlling the supply to said burner, and a thermostatoperatively'connected with said conduit and with said fuel valve, andadapted to control the latter in response to variations of temperaturein the former, the arrangement being such that condensation is shed fromthe upper and v entirely avoided upon the lower of said tubes during therepeated automatic ignition of. said burner whereby to prolong the lifeof said tubes in the manner specified.

FREDERICK D. SCHNEIDER.

Signed by me, this 28th day of August,

